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Archive for the ‘Tools’ Category

A List of FTP Commands

Posted by ZyK on 05/23/2012

Introduction

The following information is provided as a reference for the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) commands. This document describes a typical process for an interactive and automated, batch FTP session running on a PC with Windows/XP and connecting to a UNIX system. This process may vary slightly depending on the hardware and software configurations of the local and remote systems.

An Interactive FTP Session
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To start an FTP interactive session type “ftp” from a DOS Command window.

C:\> ftp

The DOS prompt should be replaced with the FTP prompt. The FTP program is now running on the local system. A connection (or session) to a remote system has not been established.

The help command or ? (question mark) may be executed without being attached to a remote system and will do a print (usually to the screen) of the FTP commands. The following is an example of an FTP Command to display the FTP Help information.

ftp help

The following is a typical result of the help command running on a PC with Windows.

Commands may be abbreviated. Commands are: ! delete literal prompt send ? debug ls put status append dir mdelete pwd trace ascii disconnect mdir quit type bell get mget quote user binary glob mkdir recv verbose bye hash mls remotehelp cd help mput rename close lcd open rmdir ftp

The following FTP Command will perform the FTP OPEN (make the connection) and display the following messages.

ftp  open domain.name 
Connected to domain.name
220 antigonous FTP server ready.
User (domain.name:(none)): User-Name
331 Password required for user-name
Password: password
230 User user-name logged in.
ftp

The following FTP Command will change the directory on the remote system and display the following message.

ftp> cd /web
250 CWD command successful.
ftp

The following FTP Command will find out the pathname of the current directory on the remote system and display the information.

ftp> pwd
257 "/web" is the current directory.
ftp

The following FTP Command will set the file transfer mode to ASCII (this is the default for most FTP programs) and display the information.

ftp> ascii
200 Type set to A.
ftp

The following FTP Command will copy a file(using ASCII mode) from the local system to the remote system and display the information.

ftp> put d:\simoweb1\filename.txt
200 PORT command successful.
Opening ASCII mode data connection for filename.txt
226 Transfer complete
ftp

The following FTP Command will set the file transfer mode to BINARY (the binary mode transfers all eight bits per byte and must be used to transfer non-ASCII files). ) and display the information.

ftp> binary
200 Type set to I.
ftp

The following FTP Command will copy a file (using BINARY mode) from the local system to the remote system and display the information.

ftp> put d:\simoweb1\filename.zip
200 PORT command successful.
Opening BINARY mode data connection for filename.zip
226 Transfer complete
ftp

The following FTP Command will exit the FTP environment (same as “bye”) and display the information.

ftp> quit
221 Goodbye.

When the preceding FTP Command is finished the DOS prompt will be displayed.

C:\>

The preceding is a typical process for an interactive FTP session running on a PC with Windows/XP or Windows/7 and connecting to a UNIX system. This process may vary slightly depending on the hardware and software configurations of the local and remote systems.

An Automated, Batch FTP Session
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The following batch file (UPWIP001.BAT) will start an FTP session and pass the name of a text file (UPWIP001.TXT) to the FTP program. This text file will be processed by the FTP program and each of the statements in the text file will be processed in the sequence they appear.

@echo OFF
rem  * *******************************************************************
rem  *               FTPSAME1.CMD - a Windows Command File               *
rem  *         This program is provided by SimoTime Enterprises          *
rem  *           (C) Copyright 1987-2011 All Rights Reserved             *
rem  *             Web Site URL:   http://www.simotime.com               *
rem  *                   e-mail:   helpdesk@simotime.com                 *
rem  * *******************************************************************
echo *
echo * This batch and text file illustrate the use of FTP to upload an
echo * ASCII file and an EBCDIC or Binary file. The UPWIP001.BAT file
echo * references UPWIP001.TXT that contains...
echo *
echo *   user
echo *   password
echo *   cd /web
echo *   pwd
echo *   ascii
echo *   put d:\simoweb1\cbltxn01.htm
echo *   binary
echo *   put d:\simoweb1\cbltxn01.zip
echo *   quit
echo *
ftp -s:upwip001.txt www.simotime.com

The following is a listing of the contents of the text file (UPWIP001.TXT).

user password
cd /web
pwd
ascii
put d:\simoweb1\cbltxn01.htm
binary
put d:\simoweb1\cbltxn01.zip
quit

An FTP Command List

The following is a summary of the commonly used FTP Commands.

Command Description
! Preceding a command with the exclamation point will cause the command to execute on the local system instead of the remote system.
? Request assistance or information about the FTP commands. This command does not require a connection to a remote system.
ascii Set the file transfer mode to ASCII (Note: this is the default mode for most FTP programs).
bell Turns bell mode on / off. This command does not require a connection to a remote system.
binary Set the file transfer mode to binary (Note: the binary mode transfers all eight bits per byte and must be used to transfer non-ASCII files).
bye Exit the FTP environment (same as quit). This command does not require a connection to a remote system.
cd Change directory on the remote system.
close Terminate a session with another system.
debug Sets debugging on/off. This command does not require a connection to a remote system.
delete Delete (remove) a file in the current remote directory (same as rm in UNIX).
dir Lists the contents of the remote directory.The asterisk (*) and the question mark (?) may be used as wild cards. For example:
get WIP
help Request a list of all available FTP commands. This command does not require a connection to a remote system.
lcd Change directory on your local system (same as CD in UNIX).
ls List the names of the files in the current remote directory.
mget WIP
mkdir Make a new directory within the current remote directory.
mput Copy multiple files from the local system to the remote system. (Note: You will be prompted for a “y/n” response before copying each file).
open Open a connection with another system.
put Copy a file from the local system to the remote system.
pwd Find out the pathname of the current directory on the remote system.
quit Exit the FTP environment (same as “bye”). This command does not require a connection to a remote system.
rmdir Remove (delete) a directory in the current remote directory.
trace Toggles packet tracing. This command does not require a connection to a remote system.
  A List of FTP Commands

FTP Command, DIR
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The DIR command will list the contents of the remote directory.The asterisk (*) and the question mark (?) may be used as wild cards.

Parameters Description
b* This will display all entries that start with the letter “b”. For example, the following will be displayed.
bet, ben, bingo, born, boon, bipartisan, bandit, boy
b*n* This will display all entries that start with the letter “b” and have the letter “n” somewhere after the letter “b”. For example, the following will be displayed.
ben, bingo, born, boon, bipartisan, bandit
The following will not be displayed.
bet, boy
b?n This will display all entries that start with the letter “b”, have the letter “n” in the 3rd position and have a three character name. For example, the following will be displayed.
ben
The following will not be displayed.
bet, bingo, born, boon, bipartisan, bandit, boy
b?n* This will display all entries that start with the letter “b” and have the letter “n” in the 3rd position. For example, the following will be displayed.
ben, bingo, bandit
The following will not be displayed.
bet, born, boon, bipartisan, boy
  A List of Parameters for the DIR FTP Command

An FTP Extended Command List

The following are additional commands that are used when tranferring files between an IBM Mainframe and a Windows or UNIX client system. Also, the following includes commands required when working with files containing variable length records.

Command Description
literal Will send an argument to the remote FTP Server. This statement is similar in purpose as the “QUOTE” statement.
locsite LOCSITE This statement may be used at the mainframe for commands specific to the mainframe
quote Will send an argument to the remote FTP Server. This statement is similar in purpose as the “LITERAL” statement.
site This parameter is used at the client system to transfer a function (via the LITERAL or QUOTE statement) to the host site. The following is a summary of the commonly used SITE/LOCSITE Commands.
  A List of Extended FTP Commands

FTP Extended Command, LOCSITE, LITERAL and SITE

This SITE (via the literal or quote command) statement is used at the client system and the LOCSITE command is used at the host system. Both statements are used to transfer a function to the host site. The following is a summary of the commonly used SITE/LOCSITE Commands.

Command Description
BLKSIZE BLocKSIZE=nnnn where nnnn is the block size (BLKSIZE)
CYLINDERS CYlinders To indicate that space should be allocated in cylinders
DIRECTORY DIrectory=nnn where ‘nnn’ indicates the number of directory blocks to be allocated for the directory of a PDS
LRECL LRecl=nnn where nnn is the logical record length (LRECL)
PRIMARY PRImary=nnn where nnn indicates the number of primary space units (tracks or cylinders)
RDW RDW will cause each record of a variable length record to be preceded with a four byte Record Descriptor Word (RDW) and possible four byte Block Descriptor Word (BDW).
RECFM RECfm=format where format is: F, FA, FB, FBA, FBM, FM, U, V, VA, VB, VBA, VBM, or VBS
SECONDARY SECondary=nnn where nnn indicates the number of secondary space units (tracks or cylinders)
TRACKS TRacks To indicate that space should be allocated in tracks.
  Parameters used with the LOCSITE Extended FTP Commands

The following is an example of the LITERAL command and a GET command. The commands are executed at the client and will cause the RDW (Record Descriptor Word) to be included at the beginning of each record of a file with variable length records.

LITERAL SITE RDW
GET host-file-name client-file-name

The following is an example of the LOCSITE command and a PUT command. The commands are executed at the host and will cause the RDW (Record Descriptor Word) to be included at the beginning of each record of a file with variable length records.

LOCSITE RDW
PUT host-file-name client-file-name

Summary

The purpose of this document is to provide a quick reference for connecting and exchanging information between two systems. This document describes a typical process for an interactive or automated, batch File Transfer Protocol (FTP) session running on a PC with Windows/2000 and connecting to a UNIX system. This process may vary slightly depending on the hardware and software configurations of the local and remote systems.

This document may be used to assist as a tutorial for new programmers or as a quick reference for experienced programmers. In the world of programming there are many ways to solve a problem. This documents and the links to other documents are intended to provide a choice of alternatives.

Software Agreement and Disclaimer

Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software, documentation or training material for any purpose requires a fee to be paid to SimoTime Enterprises. Once the fee is received by SimoTime the latest version of the software, documentation or training material will be delivered and a license will be granted for use within an enterprise, provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used in any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the software without the written permission of SimoTime Enterprises.

SimoTime Enterprises makes no warranty or representations about the suitability of the software, documentation or learning material for any purpose. It is provided “AS IS” without any expressed or implied warranty, including the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. SimoTime Enterprises shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages resulting from the loss of use, data or projects, whether in an action of contract or tort, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software, documentation or training material.

Downloads and Links to Similar Pages

This section includes links to documents with additional information that is beyond the scope and purpose of this document.

A good place to start is The SimoTime Home Page via Internet Connect for access to white papers, program examples and product information.

Note: You must be attached to the Internet to download a Z-Pack or view the list.

Explore The File Status Return Codes to interpret the results of accessing VSAM data sets and QSAM files.

This link provides  Sample FTP Scripts and Windows Command Files  that will transfer files between a Mainframe Host System and a Windows Client System

Glossary of Terms
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Check out  The SimoTime Glossary  for a list of terms and definitions used in the documents provided by SimoTime.

Comments, Suggestions or Feedback
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This document was created and is copyrighted and maintained by SimoTime Enterprises.

If you have any questions, suggestions, comments or feedback please call or send an e-mail to: helpdesk@simotime.com

We appreciate hearing from you.

Company Overview

Founded in 1987, SimoTime Enterprises is a privately owned company. We specialize in the creation and deployment of business applications using new or existing technologies and services. We have a team of individuals that understand the broad range of technologies being used in today’s environments. This includes the smallest thin client using the Internet and the very large mainframe systems. There is more to making the Internet work for your company’s business than just having a nice looking WEB site. It is about combining the latest technologies and existing technologies with practical business experience. It’s about the business of doing business and looking good in the process. Quite often, to reach larger markets or provide a higher level of service to existing customers it requires the newer Internet technologies to work in a complementary manner with existing corporate mainframe systems.

Whether you want to use the Internet to expand into new market segments or as a delivery vehicle for existing business functions simply give us a call or check the web site at http://www.simotime.com


Return-to-Top
File Transfer Protocol (FTP), a List of FTP Commands
Copyright © 1987-2012 SimoTime Enterprises  All Rights Reserved
When technology complements business

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NMON performance: A free tool to analyze AIX and Linux performance

Posted by ZyK on 10/05/2011

Usage notes: This nmon tool is NOT OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED. No warrantee is given or implied, and you cannot obtain help with it from IBM. If you have a question on nmon, please go on the Performance Tools Forum site (see Resources) so that others can find and benefit from the answers. To protect your email address from junk mail, you need to create a USER ID first (takes 20 seconds at most).

The nmon tool runs on:

  • AIX® 4.1.5, 4.2.0 , 4.3.2, and 4.3.3 (nmon Version 9a: This version is functionally established and will not be developed further.)
  • AIX 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 (nmon Version 10: This version now supports AIX 5.3 and POWER5™ processor-based machines, with SMT and shared CPU micro-partitions.)
  • Linux® SUSE SLES 9, Red Hat EL 3 and 4, Debian on pSeries® p5, and OpenPower™
  • Linux SUSE, Red Hat, and many recent distributions on x86 (Intel and AMD in 32-bit mode)
  • Linux SUSE and Red Hat on zSeries® or mainframe

The nmon tool is updated roughly every six months, or when new operating system releases are available. To place your name on the e-mail list for updates, contact Nigel Griffiths.

Use this tool together with nmon analyser (see Resources), which loads the nmon output file and automatically creates dozens of graphs.

Introduction

The nmon tool is designed for AIX and Linux performance specialists to use for monitoring and analyzing performance data, including:

  • CPU utilization
  • Memory use
  • Kernel statistics and run queue information
  • Disks I/O rates, transfers, and read/write ratios
  • Free space on file systems
  • Disk adapters
  • Network I/O rates, transfers, and read/write ratios
  • Paging space and paging rates
  • CPU and AIX specification
  • Top processors
  • IBM HTTP Web cache
  • User-defined disk groups
  • Machine details and resources
  • Asynchronous I/O — AIX only
  • Workload Manager (WLM) — AIX only
  • IBM TotalStorage® Enterprise Storage Server® (ESS) disks — AIX only
  • Network File System (NFS)
  • Dynamic LPAR (DLPAR) changes — only pSeries p5 and OpenPower for either AIX or Linux

Also included is a new tool to generate graphs from the nmon output and create .gif files that can be displayed on a Web site.

See the README file for more details.

Benefits of the tool

The nmon tool is helpful in presenting all the important performance tuning information on one screen and dynamically updating it. This efficient tool works on any dumb screen, telnet session, or even a dial-up line. In addition, it does not consume many CPU cycles, usually below two percent. On newer machines, CPU usage is well below one percent.

Data is displayed on the screen and updated once every two seconds, using a dumb screen. However, you can easily change this interval to a longer or shorter time period. If you stretch the window and display the data on X Windows, VNC, PuTTY, or similar, the nmon tool can output a great deal of information in one place.

The nmon tool can also capture the same data to a text file for later analysis and graphing for reports. The output is in a spreadsheet format (.csv).

Installing the tool

The tool is a stand-alone binary file (a different file for each AIX or Linux version) that you can install in five seconds, probably less if you type fast. Installation is simple:

  • Copy the nmonXXX.tar.Z file to the machine. If using FTP, remember to use binary mode.
    Note: Version XXX replaces this example.
  • To uncompress the file, run uncompress nmonXX.tar.Z.
  • To extract the files, run tar xvf nmonXX.tar.
  • Read the README file.
  • To start the nmon tool, type nmon.
  • If you are the root user, you might need to type ./nmon.

Extra notes for using nmon 9 for AIX 4 only

  1. You must be the root user or allow regular users to read the /dev/kmemfile by typing the following command (as root):
    chmod ugo+r /dev/kmem
  2. If you want the disk statistics, then also run (as root):
    chdev -l sys0 -a iostat=true

How to run the tool interactively

For running the tool interactively, read the front page of the file for a few hints. Then start the tool and use the one-key commands to see the data you want. For example, to get CPU, Memory, and Disk statistics, start nmon and type:

cmd

 

How to get help information while running interactively

Press the h key.

Additional help information

For additonal help information, try the following:

  • Type the nmon -? command for brief details.
  • Type the nmon -h command for full details.
  • Read the README file.

How to capture the data to a file for later analysis and graphing

Run nmon with the -f flag. See nmon -h for the details. But as an example, try to run nmon for an hour capturing data snapshots every 30 seconds by using:       Â

nmon -f -s 30 -c 120
nmon -fT -s 30 -c 120

 

The second line also captures the top processes. Both of these create the output file in the current directory called:       Â

<hostname>_date_time.nmon

 

This file is in a comma-separated values (CSV) format and can be imported into a spreadsheet directly. If you are using Lotus® 1-2-3, the file needs to be sorted. (This is not required for the Excel version of the nmon analyser.) On AIX, follow this example:       Â

sort -A mymachine_311201_1030.nmon > xxx.csv

 

Notes to save you time:

  • To load the nmon data capture file into a spreadsheet, check the spreadsheet documentation for loading CSV data files (.csv). Many spreadsheets accept this data as just one of the possible files to load or provide an import function to do this. Many spreadsheets have a fixed number of columns and rows. I suggest you collect a maximum of 300 snapshots to avoid hitting these issues.
  • When you are capturing data to a file, nmon disconnects from the shell to ensure that it continues running, even if you log out. This means that nmoncan appear to crash, even though it’s still running in the background. To see if the process is still running, type:
    ps ?ef | grep nmon
  • Read the README file for more information about which version of nmon to run on your particular operating system.
  • nmon Version 10 for AIX 5 no longer uses /dev/kmem, but only public APIs. So, you don’t have to chage the permissions on /dev/kmem, and there is no need to have 32- and 64-bit versions of nmon.
  • For AIX 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3, use nmon 10.
  • On AIX, don’t report lslpp -Lcq bos.?p core dumps on AIX 5.1, about ML03 onwards. Also, WLM stats go missing after upgrading to AIX 5.2 ML5 to Nigel Griffiths, as these are AIX bugs. These are avoided by using nmon Version 10.
  • Don’t use Microsoft® Windows® Telnet and use a larger window than 80 x 25 characters. Many developers use VNC and PuTTY to display nmon from a Windows machine — why not do the same!

New features for nmon on AIX Version 10

New Features Description
Starting up There is also now a small shell script called "nmon" that starts the right nmon version. Place this script and nmon binaries in your $PATH and type: nmon. This version is now only compiled in 32-bit mode. So, it runs on 32- and 64-bit hardware. The idea is to make it easier to install and run.
N = NFS NFS is completely new for nmon 10.
p = Partitions This is for shared CPU partitions information — the big p5/AIX5.3 feature.
C = CPU This is for machines with 32 plus CPUs — up to 128 logical CPUs by demand.
c = CPU Details your physical CPU use — if you are on a POWER5 with AIX 5.3 and in a shared CPU environment.
S = Subclass This is for WLM subclasses — by request.
a = Disk adapters Gives you details of the disk adapter — like their full type.
r = Resources This includes your CPU speed in MHz.
k = Kernel Gives some new fields.
L = Large pages Gives you large-page stats — popular with high-performance guys.
D = Disk Gives you more information about your disks, disk type sizes, free, volume groups, adapter, and so forth.
n = Network Gives you information about your network adapters details, MTU, and errors.
m = Memory Gives you more details on where your memory is going, system (kernel) and processes, and active virtual memory.
-B This is a start-up option to remove the boxes.

Sample output for nmon 10 for AIX 5

Figure 1 below is a sample of the screen output. It shows the opening screen for AIX 5, with lots of useful information.
Figure 1. Sample output for nmon 10 for AIX 5
Screen shot of AIX 5 opening                                                         screen

Figure 2 illustrates the details for CPU (this is a 4 CPU POWER5 machine with SMT switched on), memory use, kernel internal statistics, and disks statistics. Note: This logical partition (LPAR) is using six times its entitlement in half a CPU.
Figure 2. CPU details
Screen shot of                                                                     CPU details

Figure 3 shows the details of the network, NFS statistics, and journal filesystem use.
Figure 3. Network details
Screen                                                                                 shot of                                                                                 network                                                                                 details

The details of the POWER5 shared processor micro-partitions statistics are shown in Figure 4 below.
Figure 4. LPAR details
Screen                                                                                            shot                                                                                            LPAR                                                                                            details

Figure 5 illustrates the details of the Linux version of nmon, showing the CPU (this is a 2 CPU POWER5 machine with SMT switched on), LPAR statistics, memory use, network statistics, file system use, and disks statistics. Note: The physical CPU of this LPAR is only available with SUSE SLES9 Service Pack 1 and Red Hat EL 4 Update 1.
Figure 5. Linux version of nmon
Screen shot of details of the Linux version of nmon

Figure 6 shows the OS details of the machine, disk statistics (detailed mode), and the top processes.
Figure 6. Linux version of nmon continued
Screen shot of Linux OS details of the machine

Obtaining the tool

The following download options are available:

 

Resources

Learn

Get products and technologies

  • IBM trial software: Build your next development project with software for download directly from developerWorks.
  • nmon: Download nmon and its tools.

Discuss

About the author

Nigel Griffiths works in the IBM eServer® pSeries Technical Support Advanced Technology Group. He specialises in performance, sizing, tools, benchmarks, and Oracle RDBMS. The nmon tool was developed to support benchmarks and performance tuning for internal use, but by popular demand is given away to deserving friends. If you have a question on nmon, please go on the Performance Tools Forum site (see Resources) so that others can find and benefit from the answers. To protect your email address from junk mail, you need to create a USER ID first (takes 20 seconds at most).

Greetings, please note if you used nmon_grapher script for producing nmon outputs on AIX 5.3 and now migrated to AIX 6.1 the script needs adjustment because of the change in TZ variable
AIX 5.3: CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/03:00
AIX 6.1: Europe/Prague
As the script derives next starting time from the value -1 in older TZ format, it won’t work on 6.1 because it wouldn’t choose next starting time for data collection in the at job correctly.

from IBM.com

Posted in Tools, UNIX-LINUX | Tagged: , | 1 Comment »

USB Safeguard

Posted by ZyK on 07/21/2011

USB Safeguard

USB Safeguard is a freeware files encryption utility, small, portable and easy to use.

Simply drag and drop files and folders to quickly protect your sensitive documents, and then enter an password to encrypt and decrypt the files that you want to protect from prying eyes.

Not only encrypts your files, it also has ‘Safe Internet Browsing’ option to surf safe on web and removes all Internet traces like URL history, typed URLs, typed passwords in web forms and etc. Built in file shredder – i.e. wiping the contents of the original pre-encrypted file – and more.

Your data is secure while the drive it is out and about with you in an Internet cafe’s or at work.

Main Features:

  • Runs with any usb pen drive
  • No installation required
  • Easy drag & drop file adding
  • Built in file shredder
  • Secure your data if drive is lost

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Flexcrypt – Encrypt Your Private Data with a Password

Posted by ZyK on 07/21/2011

Flexcrypt
Flexcrypt Folder enables you to encrypt a file or a folder. After installation, right-click on a file/folder and select Encrypt with Flexcrypt folder and make up a password, thats it.

Decryption is done by double-clicking on the encrypted file and enter the correct password.

The BIG advantage with Flexcrypt Folder is that it does not require any software to decrypt an encrypted file, just double-click on the file and specify the correct password.

How to send an encrypted file/folder:
In some cases it is necessary to rename the encrypted file (take away .exe ending) in order for the file to go through firewalls.
Rename the encrypted file by:
· Right-click on the encrypted file and choose Rename
· Take away .exe at the end of the filename
· Encrypted file is now ready to be sent
The receiver must also rename the file back to its original ending by:
· Right-click and choose Rename
· Add .exe at the end of the filename

You might also like:

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